Mcs-012 Syllabus

Objectives

After going through this course a student should be able to:
• Master the digital arithmetic
• Design simple circuits and buses.
• Describe the organization of computer
• Describe various components of Computer especially personal computer.
• Describe the control unit of a computer
• Describe the internal working of the computer (including interrupts)
• Describe the instruction format/ set of a computer
• Write simple assembly programs.

Syllabus

BLOCK 1: Introduction to Digital Circuits

UNIT 1: The Basic Computer
• The von Neumann Architecture
• Instruction Execution: An Example
• Instruction Cycle
o Interrupts
o Interrupts and Instruction Cycle
• Computers: Then and Now
o The Beginning
o First Generation Computers
o Second Generation Computers
o Third Generation Computers
o Later Generations

Unit 2: The Data Representation
• Data Representation
• Number Systems
• Decimal Representation in Computers
• Alphanumeric Representation
• Data Representation For Computation
o Fixed Point Representation
o Decimal Fixed Point Representation
o Floating Point Representation
o Error Detection And Correction Codes

Unit 3: Principles of Logic Circuits I
• Logic Gates
• Logic Circuits
• Combinational Circuits
o Canonical and Standard Forms
o Minimization of Gates
• Design of Combinational Circuits
• Examples of Logic Combinational Circuits
o Adders
o Decoders
o Multiplexer
o Encoder
o Programmable Logic Array
o Read Only Memory ROM

Unit 4: Principles of Logic Circuits I
• Sequential Circuits: The Definition
• Flip Flops
o Basic Flip-Flops
o Excitation Tables
o Master Slave Flip Flops
o Edge Triggered Flip-flops
• Sequential Circuit Design
• Examples of Sequential Circuits
o Registers
o Counters – Asynchronous Counters
o Synchronous Counters
o RAM
• Design of a Sample Counter

BLOCK 2: Basic Computer Organisation

Unit 1: The Memory System
• The Memory Hierarchy
• RAM, ROM, DRAM, Flash Memory
• Secondary Memory and Characteristics
• Hard Disk Drives
o Optical Memories
o CCDs, Bubble Memories
• RAID and its Levels
• The Concepts of High Speed Memories
o Cache Memory
o Cache Organisation
o Memory Interleaving
o Associative Memory
• Virtual Memory
• The Memory System of Micro-Computer
o SIMM, DIMM, etc., Memory Chips
o SDRAM, RDRAM, Cache RAM Types of Memory

Unit 2: The Input/Output System
• Input / Output Devices or External or Peripheral Devices
• The Input Output Interface
• The Device Controllers and its Structure
o Device Controller
o Structure of an Input /Output Interface
• Device Drivers
• Input Output Techniques
o Programmed Input /Output
o Interrupt-Driven Input /Output
o Interrupt-Processing
o DMA (Direct Memory Access)
• Input Output Processors
• External Communication Interfaces

Unit 3: Secondary Storage Techniques
• Secondary Storage Systems
• Hard Drives
o Characteristics: Drive Speed, Access Time, Rotation Speed
o Partitioning & Formatting: FAT, Inode
o Drive Cache
o Hard Drive Interface: IDE, SCSI, EIDE, Ultra DMA & ATA/66
• Removable Drives
o Floppy Drives
o CD-ROM & DVD-ROM
• Removable Storage Options
o Zip, Jaz & Other Cartridge Drives
o Recordable CDs & DVDs
o CD-R vs CD-RW
o Tape Backup

Unit 4: I/O Technology

• Keyboard
o Keyboard Layout
o Keyboard Touch
o Keyboard Technology
• Mouse
• Video Cards
o Resolution
o Colour Depth
o Video Memory
o Refresh Rates
o Graphic Accelerators and 3-D Accelerators
o Video Card Interfaces
• Monitors
o Cathode Ray Tubes
o Shadow Mask
o Dot Pitch
o Monitor Resolutions
o DPI
o Interlacing
o Bandwidth
• Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)
• Digital Camera
• Sound Cards
• Printers
o Classification of Printers
o Print Resolutions
o Print Speed
o Print Quality
o Colour Management
• Modems
• Scanners
o Resolution
o Dynamic Range/Colour Depth
o Size and Speed
o Scanning Tips
• Power Supply
SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)

BLOCK 3: The Central Processing Unit

Unit 1: Instruction Set Architecture
• Instruction Set Characteristics
• Instruction Set Design Considerations
o Operand Data Types
o Types of Instructions
o Number of Addresses in an Instruction
• Addressing Schemes
o Immediate Addressing
o Direct Addressing
o Indirect Addressing
o Register Addressing
o Register Indirect Addressing
o Indexed Addressing Scheme
o Base Register Addressing
o Relative Addressing Scheme
o Stack Addressing
• Instruction Set and Format Design Issues
o Instruction Length
o Allocation of Bits Among Opcode and Operand
o Variable Length of Instructions
• Example of Instruction Format

Unit 2: Registers, Micro-Operations
and Instruction Execution
• Basic CPU Structure
• Register Organzation

o Programmer Visible Registers
o Status and Control Registers
• General Registers in a Processor
• Micro-operation Concepts

o Register Transfer Micro-operations
o Arithmetic Micro-operations
o Logic Micro-operations
o Shift Micro-operations
• Instruction Execution and Micro-operations

• Instruction Pipelining

Unit 3: ALU Organisation
• ALU Organisation
o A Simple ALU Organization
o A Sample ALU Design
o Arithmetic Processors
Unit 4: The Control Unit
• The Control Unit
• The Hardwired Control
• Wilkes Control
• The Micro-Programmed Control
• The Micro-Instructions
o Types of Micro-Instructions
o Control Memory Organisation
o Micro-Instruction Formats
• The Execution of Micro-Program

Unit 5: Reduced Instruction Set Computer Architecture
• Introduction to RISC
o Importance of RISC Processors
o Reasons for Increased Complexity
o High Level Language Program Characteristics
• RISC Architecture
• The Use of Large Register File
• Comments on RISC
• RISC Pipelining

Block 4: Assembly Language
Programming

Unit 1: Microprocessor Architecture
• Microcomputer Architecture
• Structure of 8086 CPU
o The Bus Interface Unit
o Execution Unit (EU)
• Register Set of 8086
• Instruction Set of 8086
o Data Transfer Instructions
o Arithmetic Instructions
o Bit Manipulation Instructions
o Program Execution Transfer
Instructions
o String Instructions
o Processor Control Instructions
• Addressing Modes
o Register Addressing Mode
o Immediate Addressing Mode
o Direct Addressing Mode
o Indirect Addressing Mode

Unit 2: Introduction to Assembly Language Programming
• The Need and Use of the Assembly Language
• Assembly Program Execution
• An Assembly Program and its Components
o The Program Annotation
o Directives
• Input Output in Assembly Program
o Interrupts
o DOS Function Calls (Using INT
21H)
• The Types of Assembly Programs
o COM Programs
o EXE Programs
• How to Write Good Assembly Programs

Unit 3: Assembly Language Programming (Part – I)
• Simple Assembly Programs
o Data Transfer
o Simple Arithmetic Application
o Application Using Shift Operations
o Larger of the Two Numbers
• Programming With Loops and Comparisons
o Simple Program Loops
o Find the Largest and the Smallest Array Values
o Character Coded Data
o Code Conversion
• Programming for Arithmetic and String Operations
o String Processing
o Some More Arithmetic Problems

Unit 4: Assembly Language Programming (Part – I)
• Use of Arrays in Assembly
• Modular Programming
o The stack
o FAR and NEAR Procedures
o Parameter Passing in Procedures
o External Procedures
• Interfacing Assembly Language Routines to High Level Language
• Programs
o Simple Interfacing
o Interfacing Subroutines With Parameter Passing
• Interrupts
• Device Drivers in Assembly

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